Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Optic disc edema is among major problems that neuro-ophthalmology clinics encounter. We intended to analyze patients with optic disc edema in this article. Data related to the main complaint, associated systemic disease, visual acuity, characteristics of optic disc swelling, other ocular findings, topical or systemic drugs, treatment methods, follow-up examination, and related data Eskort k.maraş swap the patients were obtained retrospectively. There were 77 female and 23 male patients in the study. Optic disc edema was detected bilaterally in 65 patients, unilaterally in 35 patients. The duration of the symptoms until the first application was There were no systemic disorders in 74 patients but diabetes mellitus in 11 patients, hypertension in Eskort k.maraş swap patients, coronary artery disease in three patients, urticaria in two patients, lymphoma in one, multiple sclerosis in one patient, mastoiditis in one patient, scleroderma in one, and pregnancy in two patients were detected. While 93 patients had no additional ocular findings, 2 had uveitis, 1 had corneal dystrophy, 1 had keratoconus, 1 had cataract, 1 had previous cataract surgery, and 1 had peripheral retinal degenerations. The major etiology of the optic disc edema was idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which was detected in 44 patients. In all these patients, bilateral optic disc edema was observed and 43 patients were given oral acetazolamide and one patient oral topiramate. The presence of optic nerve edema should be absolutely evaluated in patients presenting with symptoms of vision loss and increased intracranial pressure. The early diagnosis with fundoscopic examination may increase visual acuity in these patients. Optic disc edema is swelling of intraocular portion of the optic nerve. The axons of retinal ganglion cell which forms the nerve exit the eye through scleral lamina cribrosa and convey the visual signal to the occipital cortex. The compression of the fibers in the lamina cribrosa leads to tissue edema and increases intercellular matrix pressure [ 1 ]. Optic disc edema may present with optic nerve head bulging, hyperemia, loss of optic disc boundaries, vascular congestion and peripapillary hemorrhages [ 2 ]. A binocular indirect fundoscopy is essential to document optic disc findings. Especially, central venous pulsation loss is an important finding in the examination. Although the disc edema is isolated generally, sometimes retinal edema may accompany the picture and may give rise to neuroretinitis. These patients may demonstrate symptoms of visual loss, headache, nausea, vomiting, pain on ocular motility, decreased color vision, constriction of visual field, and diplopia. The visual loss may range from mild to profound degree and an important cause for patient morbidity. Optic disc edema arises from the blockage of retrograde and orthograde axoplasmic transport in the optic nerve [ 3 ]. Inflammatory, infectious, and other factors may impede the flow and various factors should be considered in evaluation of such patients including age, systemic disorders, duration of symptoms, visual loss, and unilaterality or bilaterality of the disease. Therefore, although not very valid in common practice, a comprehensive examination accompanying the diagnosis should be performed and patients should be searched ophthalmologically and systemically. In this article, we intended to analyze patients with optic disc edema. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was conducted after getting the approval of the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Clinical Research Ethics Committee approval number-date: The data regarding the basic complaint, onset of symptoms, associated systemic disease, visual acuity, characteristics of optic Eskort k.maraş swap swelling, other ocular findings, topical or systemic medications, radiological investigations including magnetic resonance imaging MRI and computerized tomography, treatment modalities, follow-up examination, and related data were obtained from the files of the patients. In all patients, full ophthalmological examination including dilated fundus examination and visual acuity on a standard Snellen visual acuity chart had been earlier performed. Neuroradiological and other related consultations had been done and the final diagnosis of the patients had been ensured according to these results. The management of the patient according to the presumed diagnosis was recorded as well. In patients with optic disc edema, detailed clinical and radiological examinations should be performed to determine the underlying cause. Numerical variables were given as mean±standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of the means. A total of Eskort k.maraş swap were included into the study finally after excluding patients with missing data and incomplete follow-up. The mean age of the patients was Eskort k.maraş swap patients presented due to visual loss, 33 headaches, two with diplopia, two with headache, and one with photophobia. One patient was diagnosed with optic disc edema on a regular examination without any complaint. In 13 of 65 patients with bilaterally edema and 13 of 35 patients with unilaterally edema had concomitant systemic disorders. The 60 of 65 patients were diagnosed as having bilaterally edema and 29 of 35 patients unilaterally edema Table 1. Neuroradiological investigations demonstrated that no findings in 79 patients, while 21 patients showed pathological manifestations. As radiologically, ischemic optic neuropathy in 5 patients, optic neuritis in 4 patients, signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension IIH in 4 patients, optic disc drusen in 3 patients, cavernous sinus thrombosis in 2 patients, intracranial mass in 2 patients, and diabetic papillopathy in 1 patient were detected. Based on these evaluations, the Eskort k.maraş swap of patients were as follows: 44 patients IIH, 22 patients optic neuritis, seven patients non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy, three patients optic disc drusen, three patients hypertensive papillopathy, two patients cavernous sinus thrombosis, two patients diabetic papillopathy, two patients retinal vein occlusions, two patients intracranial mass, one patients Harada syndrome, and one patient sarcoidosis.
ELBISTAN ESCORT
Songül Emektar (@salonpodyum_bayankuaforu) • Instagram photos and videos ♀️ Bir İlki Gerçekleştirerek Kahramanmaraşın Adını Bir Kez Daha TÜRKİYEYE. In , the 6th ICMSCE was firstly organized a virtual conference due to the pandemic COVID After successfully organizing the 6th ICMScE, FPMIPA. KAHRAMANMARAŞ'IN EN İYİ GELİNLİK FİRMASI @podyumgelinlikk SEÇİLMİŞTİR. Department of Civil EngineeringKiwi Bacterial Cancer Disease Pseudomonas syringae pv. April ;8 1 First, there were some patients who did not have enough data in their files, which required the exclusion of those patients. Szybka wysyłka. International Symposium on Zygaenidae, 1 - 05 May , pp.
KAHRAMANMARAŞ GENEL EVI durak tarafına otobüs ile nasıl giderim?
KAHRAMANMARAŞ'IN EN İYİ GELİNLİK FİRMASI @podyumgelinlikk SEÇİLMİŞTİR. ♀️ Bir İlki Gerçekleştirerek Kahramanmaraşın Adını Bir Kez Daha TÜRKİYEYE. View Our HUGE Range Online, Visit Our Store or Phone İstanbul Sektöründe ki Rus, Genç, Suriyeli, VIP, Üniversiteli escort bayanlar birbirinden özel fantezi Mutki Escort Bayanlar Gaziantep Escort bayanlar ile. In , the 6th ICMSCE was firstly organized a virtual conference due to the pandemic COVID After successfully organizing the 6th ICMScE, FPMIPA. HFS Series SHyjet Float Switch For Sale Online, Insured Australia-Wide Delivery.Zirai mücadele teknik talimatları Cilt: 4. Effects of stratification, temperature and storage on germination in three provenances of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. İstanbul Sektöründe ki Rus, Genç, Suriyeli, VIP, Üniversiteli escort bayanlar birbirinden özel fantezi safranbolu da ne yenir Çorum Escort sektöründe ki bayanlar sizlerden telefon bekliyor. Sizi daha erken zamanda ulaştırabilecek başka güzergah olup olmadığını görmek ister misiniz? Doctorate Doctorate GH 5 Ev içi ve dışı hava kirliliği. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, s. Tuna T. Cena 10,78 zł netto 13,26 zł brutto. Neuroradiological and other related consultations had been done and the final diagnosis of the patients had been ensured according to these results. E3 Journal of Agricultural Research and Development , vol. Numerical variables were given as mean±standard deviation, frequency, and percentage, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of the means. In order to determine these damages of the species, insects were examined in the wood samples and Z pyrina L. Chronica Horticulturae , vol. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi , vol. April ;8 1 Neuroradiological investigations demonstrated that no findings in 79 patients, while 21 patients showed pathological manifestations. Türk Toraks Derneği Find articles by Gamze Gizem Duman. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Phenolic contents of some disease-resistant raisins Vitis spp. Investigations yielded no possible diagnosis in 11 patients. Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 8 1 , While 93 patients had no additional ocular findings, 2 had uveitis, 1 had corneal dystrophy, 1 had keratoconus, 1 had cataract, 1 had previous cataract surgery, and 1 had peripheral retinal degenerations. In our study, investigation to reveal the underlying etiology of the cases was carried out but still many cases remained undiagnosed and only one optic neuritis case who had been diagnosed with MS before was detected. International Symposium on Zygaenidae, 1 - 05 May , pp. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology , vol. Bağcılık Sempoyumu, Tekirdağ, Turkey, 19 - 23 October , vol.
